Introduction

Whole Systems Approach to Ecological Design

Appropriate Technology: Water

Organic Agriculture and Local Food

Appropriate Technology: Energy

Green Building & Retrofitting

Energy and Carbon Footprinting

The chart to the side gives an indication of the energy used per 4,000 m3/d of sewage treated (in US terms, this is 1 MGD).  Constructed wetlands use the lowest amount of energy and have the smallest carbon footprint of all the technologies in the table.  It is hard to beat a SSFCW in life cycle cost.

Numbers are also given for lagoon systems and FBRs and these are compared to conventional technologies. 

Energy Chart, comparing treatment technologies
Click on the image to enlarge

• Lagoon Based Systems
• Tank Based Systems
• Suitable treatment for sustainable communities
• Energy and Carbon Footprinting

Energy and Carbon requirements for various WWT systems
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