Introduction

Whole Systems Approach to Ecological Design

Appropriate Technology: Water

Organic Agriculture and Local Food

Appropriate Technology: Energy

Green Building & Retrofitting

Solar

Can you write a short introduction about solar energy?

Solar Electric (PV - Photovoltaic)

• Reliable proven systems - expected to last for 50 Years - 100 years
• Practically zero maintenance
• €10 to €15/Watt build = expensive
• €0.18 to €0.25/kWh generated
• Typical payback 25 years

Solar Thermal

Solar panels to heat domestic hot water is now a common application.

3 m2 of solar thermal provides ~2,000 kWh/annum in northern Europe and ~3,000 kWh/annum in Southern Europe.

For a 2,000 kWh/annum panel

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• Wind
• Solar
• Biomass
• Hydroelectric
• Marine
• Biofuels

Solar Pump in Japo, Bolivia

Twin Coil Cylinder Diagram
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